{"id":17892,"date":"2025-05-21T11:00:20","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T17:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nhg.mx\/?p=17892"},"modified":"2025-05-22T17:00:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T23:00:40","slug":"comercio-electronico-criterio-de-la-scjn-en-proteccion-de-los-usuarios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nhg.mx\/en_gb\/comercio-electronico-criterio-de-la-scjn-en-proteccion-de-los-usuarios\/","title":{"rendered":"Comercio electr\u00f3nico – Criterio de la SCJN en protecci\u00f3n de los usuarios"},"content":{"rendered":"

La <\/span>Suprema <\/span>Corte <\/span>de <\/span>Justicia <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>Naci\u00f3n (<\/span>la <\/span>SCJN<\/span><\/strong>) <\/span>emiti\u00f3 <\/span>una <\/span>resoluci\u00f3n <\/span>relevante <\/span>para <\/span>el <\/span>comercio <\/span>electr\u00f3nico <\/span>mexicano. <\/span>En <\/span>su <\/span>sesi\u00f3n <\/span>del <\/span>15 <\/span>de <\/span>enero <\/span>de <\/span>2025, <\/span>la <\/span>Primera <\/span>Sala <\/span>resolvi\u00f3 <\/span>el <\/span>Amparo <\/span>Directo <\/span>en <\/span>Revisi\u00f3n <\/span>2558\/<\/span>2024, <\/span>sentando <\/span>un <\/span>nuevo <\/span>criterio <\/span>sobre <\/span>la <\/span>forma <\/span>en <\/span>que <\/span>los <\/span>proveedores <\/span>de <\/span>servicios <\/span>en <\/span>l\u00ednea, <\/span>como <\/span>las <\/span>plataformas <\/span>dedicadas <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>venta <\/span>de <\/span>boletos <\/span>para <\/span>eventos <\/span>de <\/span>entretenimiento, <\/span>plataformas <\/span>que <\/span>intermedian <\/span>la <\/span>compra <\/span>de <\/span>productos <\/span>o <\/span>servicios, <\/span>y <\/span>plataformas <\/span>que <\/span>ofrecen <\/span>servicios <\/span>de <\/span>reservaci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>viajes <\/span>y <\/span>alojamiento, <\/span>deben <\/span>comunicar <\/span>y <\/span>obtener <\/span>la <\/span>aceptaci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>t\u00e9rminos <\/span>y <\/span>condiciones <\/span>en <\/span>los <\/span>contratos <\/span>celebrados <\/span>con <\/span>consumidores.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con <\/span>esta <\/span>resoluci\u00f3n, <\/span>la <\/span>Primera <\/span>Sala <\/span>establece <\/span>requisitos <\/span>de <\/span>contrataci\u00f3n <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>estrictos <\/span>en <\/span>el <\/span>comercio <\/span>electr\u00f3nico <\/span>mexicano <\/span>en <\/span>relaci\u00f3n <\/span>con <\/span>el <\/span>consentimiento <\/span>que <\/span>debe <\/span>obtenerse <\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>consumidores.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hechos <\/span>Relevantes <\/span>del <\/span>Caso<\/span><\/h3>\n

Un <\/span>consumidor <\/span>compr\u00f3 <\/span>boletos <\/span>VIP <\/span>para <\/span>un <\/span>festival <\/span>musical <\/span>a <\/span>trav\u00e9s <\/span>del <\/span>sitio <\/span>web <\/span>de <\/span>una <\/span>empresa, <\/span>eligiendo <\/span>como <\/span>m\u00e9todo <\/span>de <\/span>entrega <\/span>la <\/span>opci\u00f3n <\/span>“<\/span>Will <\/span>call”<\/span><\/em> (<\/span>recolecci\u00f3n <\/span>en <\/span>punto <\/span>de <\/span>venta). <\/span>Sin <\/span>embargo, <\/span>al <\/span>intentar <\/span>recoger <\/span>los <\/span>boletos, <\/span>no <\/span>se <\/span>los <\/span>entregaron <\/span>debido <\/span>a <\/span>que <\/span>no <\/span>se <\/span>pudo <\/span>realizar <\/span>un <\/span>cargo <\/span>adicional <\/span>de $<\/span>10 <\/span>pesos <\/span>a <\/span>su <\/span>tarjeta. <\/span>La <\/span>empresa <\/span>aleg\u00f3 <\/span>que <\/span>dicho <\/span>cargo <\/span>formaba <\/span>parte <\/span>de <\/span>las <\/span>pol\u00edticas <\/span>publicadas <\/span>en <\/span>su <\/span>sitio <\/span>web.<\/span><\/p>\n

El <\/span>consumidor <\/span>demand\u00f3 <\/span>la <\/span>rescisi\u00f3n <\/span>del <\/span>contrato <\/span>y <\/span>el <\/span>pago <\/span>de <\/span>diversas <\/span>indemnizaciones. <\/span>El <\/span>juez <\/span>de <\/span>primera <\/span>instancia <\/span>resolvi\u00f3 <\/span>que <\/span>el <\/span>incumplimiento <\/span>era <\/span>atribuible <\/span>al <\/span>consumidor. <\/span>Derivado <\/span>de <\/span>lo <\/span>anterior, <\/span>el <\/span>consumidor <\/span>promovi\u00f3 <\/span>amparo <\/span>directo, <\/span>pero <\/span>la <\/span>sentencia <\/span>fue <\/span>confirmada <\/span>por <\/span>un <\/span>Tribunal <\/span>Colegiado, <\/span>que <\/span>consider\u00f3 <\/span>que <\/span>el <\/span>consumidor <\/span>qued\u00f3 <\/span>sujeto <\/span>a <\/span>las <\/span>condiciones <\/span>de <\/span>entrega <\/span>publicadas <\/span>en <\/span>la <\/span>p\u00e1gina <\/span>web <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>empresa. <\/span>Inconforme, <\/span>el <\/span>consumidor <\/span>interpuso <\/span>recurso <\/span>de <\/span>revisi\u00f3n <\/span>ante <\/span>la <\/span>SCJN.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Criterio <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>SCJN<\/span><\/h3>\n

La <\/span>SCJN <\/span>revoc\u00f3 <\/span>la <\/span>sentencia <\/span>del <\/span>Tribunal <\/span>Colegiado, <\/span>al <\/span>considerar <\/span>que <\/span>\u00e9ste <\/span>incurri\u00f3 <\/span>en <\/span>una <\/span>interpretaci\u00f3n <\/span>inconstitucional <\/span>del <\/span>art\u00edculo <\/span>1796 <\/span>del <\/span>C\u00f3digo <\/span>Civil <\/span>Federal, <\/span>al <\/span>asumir <\/span>que <\/span>el <\/span>consumidor <\/span>qued\u00f3 <\/span>obligado <\/span>a <\/span>condiciones <\/span>que <\/span>no <\/span>consinti\u00f3. <\/span>El <\/span>art\u00edculo <\/span>1796 <\/span>del <\/span>C\u00f3digo <\/span>Civil <\/span>Federal <\/span>establece <\/span>lo <\/span>siguiente:<\/span>
\u201c<\/span>Los <\/span>contratos <\/span>se <\/span>perfeccionan <\/span>por <\/span>el <\/span>mero <\/span>consentimiento, <\/span>excepto <\/span>aquellos <\/span>que <\/span>deben <\/span>revestir <\/span>una <\/span>forma <\/span>establecida <\/span>por <\/span>la <\/span>ley. <\/span>Desde <\/span>que <\/span>se <\/span>perfeccionan <\/span>obligan <\/span>a <\/span>los <\/span>contratantes, <\/span>no <\/span>s\u00f3lo <\/span>al <\/span>cumplimiento <\/span>de <\/span>lo <\/span>expresamente <\/span>pactado, <\/span>sino <\/span>tambi\u00e9n <\/span>a <\/span>las <\/span>consecuencias <\/span>que, <\/span>seg\u00fan <\/span>su <\/span>naturaleza, <\/span>son <\/span>conforme <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>buena <\/span>fe, <\/span>al <\/span>uso <\/span>o <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>ley.\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

La <\/span>SCJN <\/span>se\u00f1al\u00f3 <\/span>que <\/span>en <\/span>los <\/span>contratos <\/span>de <\/span>ad<\/span>hesi\u00f3n <\/span>celebrados <\/span>electr\u00f3nicamente, <\/span>como <\/span>los <\/span>que <\/span>rigen <\/span>el <\/span>comercio <\/span>electr\u00f3nico <\/span>en <\/span>M\u00e9xico, <\/span>las <\/span>condiciones <\/span>contractuales <\/span>no <\/span>pueden <\/span>imponerse <\/span>unilateralmente <\/span>mediante <\/span>simples <\/span>remisiones <\/span>a <\/span>sitios <\/span>web.<\/span><\/p>\n

Este <\/span>criterio <\/span>fortalece <\/span>el <\/span>principio <\/span>constitucional <\/span>de <\/span>autonom\u00eda <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>voluntad, <\/span>seg\u00fan <\/span>el <\/span>cual <\/span>el <\/span>consentimiento <\/span>debe <\/span>ser <\/span>libre, <\/span>informado <\/span>y <\/span>expreso. <\/span>En <\/span>consecuencia, <\/span>la <\/span>simple <\/span>navegaci\u00f3n <\/span>en <\/span>un <\/span>sitio <\/span>web <\/span>o <\/span>la <\/span>realizaci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>una <\/span>transacci\u00f3n <\/span>electr\u00f3nica <\/span>no <\/span>puede <\/span>considerarse, <\/span>por <\/span>s\u00ed <\/span>sola, <\/span>como <\/span>manifestaci\u00f3n <\/span>t\u00e1cita <\/span>de <\/span>conformidad <\/span>con <\/span>condiciones <\/span>contractuales <\/span>adicionales <\/span>que <\/span>no <\/span>fueron <\/span>presentadas <\/span>de <\/span>manera <\/span>clara <\/span>y <\/span>accesible <\/span>al <\/span>consumidor.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Implicaciones <\/span>para <\/span>el <\/span>Comercio <\/span>Electr\u00f3nico <\/span>en <\/span>M\u00e9xico<\/span><\/h3>\n

La <\/span>resoluci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>SCJN <\/span>aclara <\/span>c\u00f3mo <\/span>deben <\/span>entenderse <\/span>las <\/span>obligaciones <\/span>de <\/span>las <\/span>empresas <\/span>de <\/span>comercio <\/span>electr\u00f3nico <\/span>en <\/span>M\u00e9xico <\/span>respecto <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>forma <\/span>en <\/span>que <\/span>los <\/span>proveedores <\/span>comunican <\/span>sus <\/span>condiciones <\/span>contractuales <\/span>y <\/span>los <\/span>consumidores <\/span>otorgan <\/span>su <\/span>consentimiento. <\/span>Conforme <\/span>a <\/span>dicha <\/span>resoluci\u00f3n, <\/span>es <\/span>indispensable <\/span>que:<\/span><\/p>\n