{"id":6262,"date":"2024-02-08T19:04:28","date_gmt":"2024-02-09T01:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nhg.mx\/?p=6262"},"modified":"2024-02-08T19:33:08","modified_gmt":"2024-02-09T01:33:08","slug":"boletin-informativo-iniciativas-de-reforma-constitucional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nhg.mx\/es\/boletin-informativo-iniciativas-de-reforma-constitucional\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolet\u00edn Informativo: Iniciativas de reforma constitucional"},"content":{"rendered":"

Impactos de la Iniciativa de Reforma a la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en materia de agua, miner\u00eda y ma\u00edz<\/strong><\/p>\n

El 5 de febrero de 2024, el presidente Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador present\u00f3 ante la C\u00e1mara de Diputados, la iniciativa para reformar la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, en lo sucesivo (\u201cCPEUM<\/strong>\u201d). Dicha iniciativa propone reforzar y actualizar la CPEUM en los siguientes temas, principalmente modificando distintos p\u00e1rrafos de los art\u00edculos 4\u00ba y 27\u00b0 de la CPEUM:<\/p>\n

Ma\u00edz para consumo humano libre de modificaciones gen\u00e9ticas.<\/strong> La reforma propone que el ma\u00edz para consumo humano debe de estar libre de modificaciones gen\u00e9ticas, como las transg\u00e9nicas. De igual manera, se a\u00f1ade un p\u00e1rrafo para garantizar que el Estado fomente la actividad agropecuaria y forestal para el uso de la tierra libre de cultivos y semillas de ma\u00edz gen\u00e9ticamente modificadas.<\/p>\n

Uso dom\u00e9stico y personal preferencial del agua. No otorgamiento de concesiones de aguas nacionales.<\/strong> La propuesta de reforma al p\u00e1rrafo sexto del art\u00edculo 4\u00b0 Constitucional incorpora la prelaci\u00f3n del agua para consumo personal y dom\u00e9stico sobre cualquier otro uso del agua, elevando a nivel constitucional lo que se encuentra regulado desde hace m\u00e1s de dos d\u00e9cadas en la Ley de Aguas Nacionales, como uno de los criterios que debe considerar la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional del Agua en el otorgamiento de concesiones de aguas nacionales.<\/p>\n

En directa relaci\u00f3n con lo anterior, la iniciativa contempla una reforma al art\u00edculo 27 Constitucional que proh\u00edbe el otorgamiento de concesiones de aguas nacionales en aquellas zonas con \u2018baja disponibilidad\u2019 (en calidad y cantidad) para cualquier tipo de uso (no solo el industrial ligado a la miner\u00eda o a los hidrocarburos) que no sea considerado personal y\/o dom\u00e9stico, previendo que en esos supuestos s\u00f3lo se podr\u00e1n otorgar asignaciones destinadas a centros de poblaci\u00f3n para garantizar el consumo personal y dom\u00e9stico.\u00a0 De ser aprobada esta iniciativa en sus t\u00e9rminos podr\u00eda tener un gran impacto sobre la solicitud de nuevas concesiones, al menos hasta en tanto se establezcan los par\u00e1metros del concepto de \u201cbaja disponibilidad de agua en cantidad y calidad\u201d, as\u00ed como la pr\u00f3rroga de las concesiones existentes. \u00a0En cuanto a contratos, concesiones, permisos y autorizaciones otorgados a particulares con anterioridad a la entrada en vigor del decreto que en su caso se publique, la iniciativa de reforma se\u00f1ala expresamente que \u00e9stos se respetar\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

De la iniciativa no se desprenden los criterios que se proponen para el contenido del concepto de \u2018baja disponibilidad de agua\u2019, lo que hace suponer que pronto vendr\u00e1n iniciativas de reformas a la Ley de Aguas Nacionales.<\/p>\n

Prohibici\u00f3n de las Concesiones para miner\u00eda a cielo abierto<\/strong>. La reforma proh\u00edbe el otorgamiento de concesiones para las actividades de exploraci\u00f3n, explotaci\u00f3n, beneficio, uso o aprovechamiento de minerales, metales o metaloides a cielo abierto, se\u00f1alando que las leyes (secundarias) sancionar\u00e1n a las personas que realicen dichas actividades.<\/p>\n

Prohibici\u00f3n del fracking<\/em><\/strong>. La reforma propone la prohibici\u00f3n del otorgamiento de contratos o cualquier otra medida administrativa que permita la extracci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos l\u00edquidos y gaseosos a trav\u00e9s del fracturamiento hidr\u00e1ulico. Al igual que en el caso anterior, se prev\u00e9 que a trav\u00e9s de las leyes secundarias se sancionar\u00e1 la extracci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos l\u00edquidos y gaseosos en yacimientos petroleros no convencionales mediante m\u00e9todos de fracturamiento hidr\u00e1ulico.<\/p>\n

Entrada en vigor: Se pretende que el Decreto de reformas, en su caso, entre en vigor al d\u00eda siguiente de su publicaci\u00f3n en el Diario Oficial de la Federaci\u00f3n (\u201cDOF<\/strong>\u201d), a partir de lo cual, se entender\u00e1n derogadas todas las disposiciones que se opongan a sus contenidos ya sea que se encuentren comprendidas en leyes, reglamentos, acuerdos o cualquier otra disposici\u00f3n de car\u00e1cter administrativo.<\/p>\n

Las leyes secundarias y dem\u00e1s disposiciones normativas de car\u00e1cter general deber\u00e1n ser armonizadas con las reformas que se aprueben, para lo cual se propone conceder al Congreso de la Uni\u00f3n un plazo de 180 d\u00edas.<\/p>\n

Fecha de publicaci\u00f3n en el DOF: Pendiente de aprobaci\u00f3n, sanci\u00f3n, promulgaci\u00f3n y publicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Quedamos a sus \u00f3rdenes para analizar las implicaciones y posibles impactos que la presente iniciativa de reforma pudiese tener en casos concretos de ser aprobada en su texto actual, as\u00ed como en temas de litigio que pudieran derivarse como consecuencia.<\/p>\n

El presente documento es de car\u00e1cter meramente informativo, por lo que no constituye asesor\u00eda legal o recomendaci\u00f3n alguna. Si desea conocer m\u00e1s al respecto de esta publicaci\u00f3n y de sus implicaciones legales, por favor cont\u00e1ctenos a Marcela \u00c1nimas<\/strong> (manimas@nhg.com.mx<\/a>) o Alessandra Mateos<\/strong> (amateos@nhg.com.mx<\/a>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Impacts of the Initiative to Reform the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States regarding water rights, mining rights and corn<\/strong><\/p>\n

On February 5th, 2024, President Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador presented before the House of Representatives (C\u00e1mara de Diputados<\/em>) an initiative to reform the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, hereinafter (“CPEUM<\/u><\/strong>“). Said initiative proposes to strengthen and update the CPEUM, by mainly modifying different paragraphs of Articles 4\u00b0 and 27\u00b0 of the CPEUM, in the following topics:<\/p>\n

Corn free of genetic modifications for human consumption.<\/strong> The reform proposes that corn for human consumption shall be free of genetic modifications, such as transgenic corn. Likewise, a paragraph is added for the State to guarantee the promotion of agricultural and forestry activities for the use of land free of genetically modified crops and corn seeds.<\/p>\n

Preferential domestic and personal use of water. Non-granting of national water concessions.<\/strong> The proposed amendment to the Article 4\u00b0, sixth paragraph of the Constitution incorporates the priority of water for personal and domestic consumption over any other use of water, elevating to a constitutional level what has been regulated for over two decades in the National Water Law (Ley de Aguas Nacionales<\/em>), as one of the criteria to be considered by the National Water Commission (Comisi\u00f3n Nacional del Agua<\/em>) in the process of granting national water concessions.<\/p>\n

Directly related to the aforementioned, the initiative contemplates an amendment to the Article 27 of the Constitution that prohibits the granting of national water concessions in areas with “low availability” (both in quality and quantity) for any type of use (not only industrial uses linked to mining or hydrocarbons) that is not considered personal and\/or domestic, providing that in such cases, only allocations destined to population centers may be granted to guarantee personal and domestic consumption.\u00a0 If this initiative is approved in its current terms, it could have a large impact on the request for new concessions, at least until the criteria of the concept of “low availability of water in quantity and quality” is established, as well as the extension of existing concessions.\u00a0 Regarding contracts, concessions, permits, and authorizations granted to individuals prior to the entry into force of the decree that may be published, the reform initiative expressly states that those will be respected.<\/p>\n

The proposed criteria for the content of the concept of ‘low water availability’ is not clearly framed in the initiative, which suggests that initiatives to reform the National Water Law might soon be under way.<\/p>\n

Prohibition of open-pit mining Concessions.<\/strong> The reform prohibits the granting of concessions for the exploration, exploitation, benefit, use or exploitation of minerals, metals or metalloids in the open air, indicating that (secondary) laws will sanction the persons who carry out such activities.<\/p>\n

Prohibition of \u2018fracking\u2019.<\/strong> The reform proposes to prohibit the granting of contracts or any other administrative measures that might allow the extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons through hydraulic fracturing. As in the previous case, it is foreseen that the extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in unconventional oil fields through hydraulic fracturing methods might be sanctioned through secondary laws.<\/p>\n

Enactment and enforcement: It is intended that the reform decree, if applicable, will come into force the day after its publication in the Official Gazette of the Federation (“DOF<\/u><\/strong>“), as of which date all provisions that oppose its contents, whether they are included in laws, regulations, agreements, or any other administrative provisions, will be deemed repealed.<\/p>\n

Secondary laws and other general regulatory provisions shall be harmonized with the approved reforms provisions, for which it is proposed to grant the Union Congress (Congreso de la Uni\u00f3n<\/em>) a term of 180 days to do so.<\/p>\n

Date of publication in the DOF: Pending approval, sanction, enactment, and publication.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

We remain at your disposal to analyze the implications and possible impacts that this reform initiative could have in specific cases if it is approved in its current text, as well as in litigation issues that could arise as a consequence.<\/p>\n

This document is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or a recommendation of any kind. If you would like to learn more about this publication and its legal implications, please contact Marcela \u00c1nimas<\/strong> (manimas@nhg.com.mx<\/a>) or Alessandra Mateos<\/strong> (amateos@nhg.com.mx<\/a>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Impactos de la Iniciativa de Reforma a la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en materia de agua, miner\u00eda y ma\u00edz El 5 de febrero de 2024, el presidente Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador present\u00f3 ante la C\u00e1mara de Diputados, la iniciativa para reformar la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, en lo sucesivo…<\/p>\n

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